The TVN Framework

Facts over framing
Separate the documented event from the language used to sell it.

Process before outrage
Establish the rules, timeline and decision-making process before judging the outcome.

Structure over slogans
Examine systems, constraints and failure chains rather than a single villain.

Behavior over statements
Compare public claims with observable actions and measurable signals.

Category discipline
Keep definitions, populations and time periods consistent. Different categories are not interchangeable.

Incentive mapping
Identify what each actor wants, what constrains them and where leverage sits.

Apply the method
Establish the facts, link the sources, explain the process, test competing interpretations and state what remains unknown. Revise when the evidence changes.